Belonging, Relatedness, Connection, or Social Presence?

Theoretical Constructs of Human Connection in Online Learning

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18357/otessac.2023.3.1.312

Keywords:

relatedness, sense of belonging, connectedness, social presence, online learning

Abstract

While post-secondary institutions increasingly make online and hybrid offerings available to learners, special care must be taken to foster human and social connection. In this conceptual paper we compare four key constructs of human connection: (a) relatedness (Ryan & Deci, 2000), (b) sense of belonging (Goodenow, 1993), (c) social presence (Garrison et al., 1999), and (d) sense of connectedness (Lee & Robbins, 1995). By examining constructs, we aim to uncover similarities and differences as well as considerations regarding their varying contributions to the support of online learning experiences.  

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OTESSA Conference Proceedings Volume 3 Issue 1 2023 Hosted by University of Victoria Libraries

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Published

2023-12-29

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): OTESSA Conference Proceedings

Section

Research

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Copyright (c) 2023 Behnoosh Khoramrooz, Mariel Miller, Valerie Irvine

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