Comparing CANeLearn Design Principles for K-12 Online Learning with Researched Models and Standards

Principles to Guide Quality Policy and Practice

Abstract

In 2023, researchers explored the relationship between Design Principles for K-12 Online Learning (Crichton & Childs, 2022) and quality standards for K-12 online learning, publishing a report on the intersection between design principles and standards (LaBonte et al., 2023). Design principles refer to the fundamental concepts and guidelines that inform the creation and implementation of educational programs, materials, and systems (Kukulska-Hulme & Traxler, 2013), while standards tend to be more discrete, flexible, and responsive to local conditions (Bell, 2003). Unlike standards, the design principles focus on institutional support of technology, infrastructure, students, and faculty, as well as program effectiveness and assessment which are not described in most standards. The Community of Inquiry (COI), a research-based model describing the three interdependent elements of social, cognitive, and teaching presence (Garrison et al., 2000), was used to explore the intersection points between the COI, design principles, and published standards for
K-12 online learning. The analysis was used to revise the design principles further and support the ongoing development of quality standards. It is hoped that basing design principles and standards in the context of a research-based model will further develop an understanding of quality in K-12 online learning and inform practice.